Energy Efficient Use of Waste Petroleum Products as Fuel

  • Виталий [Vitaliy] Анатольевич [A.] Кожевников [Kozhevnikov]
  • Станислав [Stanislav] Константинович [K.] Попов [Popov]
Keywords: combustion of waste petroleum products, liquid fuel pollutants, energy efficiency

Abstract

Waste petroleum products in Russia are a material stream generated in the petroleum and petroleum products technological transport system and is characterized by a multitude of heterogeneous components (spent oils, oil sludge, substandard liquid fuels, etc.) and by distribution of their sources throughout the country. Utilization of this stream in compliance with the environmental standards is a challenging issue. One of promising approaches to solving this problem is the use of waste petroleum products as fuel in related technologies with obtaining an energy saving effect.

The investigations based on which the requirements for waste petroleum products as fuel were set forth and fixed in the regulatory framework in some countries and also recognized by international law are reviewed. The development of a regulatory framework for using waste petroleum products as fuel is extremely important for the thermal power industry of Russia.

The results from the investigations into the properties of waste petroleum products conducted by certified laboratories for the Transneft system over the past 15 years have been analyzed. Information on the content of hydrocarbons, water and mechanical impurities, halogen- containing and other pollutants in the waste petroleum products, as well as data on their flash point, density, viscosity, and heating value have been arranged in a systematic way. Based on these processed data, three main types of waste petroleum products most promising for use as fuel and fuel components have been identified: spent oils, combustible part of oil sludge, and substandard diesel fuel.

An energy saving effect can be achieved through the use of heat generators operating on waste petroleum products as replacing power- generating installations in heat supply systems, hot water supply systems, and autonomous heating systems. A comparative analysis of possible circuit solutions for connecting heat generators operating on waste petroleum products as applied to Transneft system facilities has been carried out. A list of organizational and technical measures that will provide the maximum energy saving effect in implementing the proposed design solutions is given.

Information about authors

Виталий [Vitaliy] Анатольевич [A.] Кожевников [Kozhevnikov]

Kozhevnikov Vitaliy A. — Senior Researcher of Transneft R&D LLC, e-mail: kozhevnikovva@niitnn.transneft.ru

Станислав [Stanislav] Константинович [K.] Попов [Popov]

Popov Stanislav K. — Dr.Sci. (Techn.), Professor of Energetic of High-Temperature Technologies Dept., NRU MPEI, e-mail: PopovSK@mpei.ru

References

1. ПАО «Транснефть» [Офиц. сайт] https://www. transneft.ru/, https://www.transneft.ru/about/development-system/ (дата обращения 20.05.2019).
2. ГОСТ 26098—84. Нефтепродукты. Термины и определения.
3. Федеральный закон № 89-ФЗ. от 24.06.1998 г. Об отходах производства и потребления № 89-ФЗ [Электрон. ресурс] http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_ doc_LAW_19109/ (дата обращения 20.05.2019).
4. Агентство по охране окружающей среды США. Управление, повторное использование и переработка отработанного масла. [Офиц. сайт] https://www.epa. gov/recycle/managing-reusing-and-recycling-used-oil (дата обращения 20.05.2019).
5. Департамент окружающей среды и энергетики Австралии [Офиц. сайт] https://www.environment. gov.au/protection/used-oil-recycling, https://www.environment.gov.au/protection/used-oil-recycling/recycling-your-oil/uses-recycled-oil, https://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/2dbea09e-134f-4dde-9d59-e4a4a2f6 ce5f/files/pso-review.pdf, https://www.environment.gov. au/system/files/resources/245ec47b-8501-4983-a0da-0b98 dfd4e32d/files/ta-review.pdf (дата обращения 20.05.2019).
6. IARC Monographs. Occupational Exposures in Petroleum Refining; Crude Oil and Major Petroleum Fuels. [Офиц. сайт] https://monographs.iarc.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/mono45.pdf (дата обращения 20.05.2019).
7. Re-refined Oil Performance and TxDOT Used Oil Collection Procedure. Texas. [Электрон. ресурс] https:// library.ctr.utexas.edu/digitized/texasarchive/phase1/ 1355-1.pdf (дата обращения 20.05.2019).
8. Vermont Agency of Natural Resources, U.S. EPA. Vermont Used Oil Analysis and Waste Oil Furnace Emissions Study [Офиц. сайт] https://www3.epa.gov/ttn/ catc/dir1/w_oilacr.pdf (дата обращения 20.05.2019).
9. Heavy Fuel Oils. Prepared by CONCAWE’s Petroleum Products and Health Management Groups. [Электрон. ресурс] http://accede.org/prestige/documentos/Tox_ fuel_pesado.pdf (дата обращения 20.05.2019).
10. Meyer R.F., Attanasi E.D., Freeman P.A. Heavy Oil and Natural Bitumen Resources in Geological Basins of the World [Электрон. ресурс] https://pubs.usgs.gov/ of/2007/1084/OF2007-1084v1.pdf (дата обращения 20.05.2019).
11. Ministry for the Environment New Zealand. Assessment of the Effects of Combustion of Waste, Oil and Health Effects Associated with the Use of Waste Oil as a Dust Suppressant [Офиц. сайт] https://www.mfe.govt. nz/sites/default/files/used-oil-dust-suppressant-aug00.pdf (дата обращения 20.05.2019).
12. Waste Oil Management: Analyses of Waste Oils from Vehicle Crankcases and Gearboxes. Global J. Environ [Электрон. ресурс] https://www.gjesm.net/article_2214 8_03e030d8c64c45fd18a362bc6f9d017c.pdf (дата обращения 20.05.2019).
13. Life Cycle Assessment of Used Oil Management. Prepared for the American Petroleum Institute [Офиц. сайт] https://www.api.org/~/media/Files/Certification/Engine-Oil-Diesel/Publications/LCA-of-Used-Oil-Mgmt-ERM-10012017.pdf (дата обращения 20.05.2019).
14. Title 40 CFR Part 241. Solid Wastes Used as Fuels or Ingredients in Combustion Units [Электрон. ресурс] https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=b656ab603496daf6d620241043222e6a&mc=true&node=pt40.27.241&rgn=div5 (дата обращения 20.05.2019).
15. Title 40 CFR Part 260. Hazardous Waste Management System: General [Электрон. ресурс] https://www. ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=b656ab603496daf6d620241043222e6a&mc=true&node=pt40.28.260&rgn=div5 (дата обращения: 20.05.2019).
16. Title 40 CFR Part 279. Standards for the Management of Used Oil [Электрон. ресурс] https:// www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=a6739eadc899514c81d8e3781bb37e7e&mc=true&node=pt40.29.279&rgn=d iv5 (дата обращения 20.05.2019).
17. Title 40 CFR Part 761. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Manufacturing, Processing, Distribution in Commerce, and Use Prohibitions [Электрон. ресурс] https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=a6739eadc899514c81d8e3781bb37e7e&mc=true&node=pt40.34.761&r gn=div5 (дата обращения 20.05.2019).
18. Petrochemical Standards. Edition 2011/2012 [Электрон. ресурс] http://www.ecolan.com.ru/standard- samples-foreign/4/4-2.pdf (дата обращения: 20.05.2019).
19. Petrochemical standards. ASTM. AccuStandard is Accredited to ISO Guide 34, ISO/IEC 17025 and Sertified to ISO 9001 [Электрон. ресурс]: https:// www.accustandard.com/assets/MASTER_CATALOG_PETRO_2015.pdf (дата обращения 20.05.2019).
20. ГОСТ 32510—2013 (ISO 8217:2012). Топлива судовые. Технические условия.
21. Технический регламент Таможенного союза 013/2011. О требованиях к автомобильному и авиационному бензину, дизельному и судовому топливу, топливу для реактивных двигателей и мазуту.
22. ГОСТ 31378—2009. Нефть. Общие технические условия.
23. Energy Management by Recycling of Vehicle Waste Oil in Pakistan. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology [Электрон. ресурс] https:// www.ijset.com/publication/v2/173.pdf (дата обращения 20.05.2019).
24. Цомбуева Б.В. Влияние деятельности нефтеперерабатывающего комплекса на загрязнение земель юго-востока Республики Калмыкии [Электрон. ресурс] https://www.isuct.ru/sites/default/files/department/ightu/dissertacionnye-sovety/files/combueva_baira_viktorovna-23012017/dissertaciyacombueva_s_podpisyu. pdf (дата обращения 20.05.2019).
25. Тыныбаева Т.Г. Мониторинг загрязнения почв на газонефтяном месторождении Северные Бузачи (Казахстан) [Электрон. ресурс] http://www.bio.msu.ru/ res/Dissertation/91/DOC_FILENAME/tinibaeva.pdf (дата обращения 20.05.2019).
26. Шпербер Е.Р. Разработка комплекса природоохранных технологий переработки отходов НПЗ Краснодарского края [Электрон. ресурс] https://www.gubkin. ru/diss2/files/Autoreferat_ShperberER.pdf. (дата обращения 20.05.2019).
27. Шпербер Д.Р. Разработка ресурсосберегающих технологий переработки нефтешлама [Электрон. ресурс] https://kubstu.ru/data/fdlist/FDD0424.pdf (дата обращения 20.05.2019).
28. Справочный документ по наилучшим доступным технологиям по обращению с отходами. Министерство природных ресурсов России [Офиц. сайт] http://www.mnr.gov.ru/docs/metodicheskie_dokumenty/ nailuchshie_dostupnye_tekhnologii/ (дата обращения 20.05.2019).
29. Половков С.А. Обеспечение промышленной безопасности, охраны труда и экологии в организациях системы «Транснефть» // Наука и технологии трубопроводного транспорта нефти и нефтепродуктов. 2016. № 2. С. 28—31.
30. Кожевников В.А., Нагдасёв В.М., Александров К.В. О некоторых итогах энергетических обследований [Электрон. ресурс] http://www.rosteplo.ru/ Tech_stat/stat_shablon.php?id=3707 (дата обращения 20.05.2019).
31. Кожевников В.А., Захаров С.В. Анализ потенциала использования отработанных масел для нужд теплоснабжения [Электрон. ресурс] http:// www.energosovet.ru/stat423.html (дата обращения 20.05.2019).
32. Кожевников В.А. Энергоаудит систем теплоснабжения. О некоторых аспектах [Электрон. ресурс] http://www.rosteplo.ru/Tech_stat/stat_shablon.php?id= 2120 (дата обращения 20.05.2019).
33. Росляков П.В., Проскурин Ю.В., Кожевников В.А. Моделирование процесса горения нефти с подмесом подтоварной воды в жаротрубных котлах // Наука и технологии трубопроводного транспорта нефти и нефтепродуктов. 2017. № 2. С. 94—101.
---
Для цитирования: Кожевников В.А., Попов С.К. Энергоэффективное использование отработанных нефтепродуктов в качестве топлива // Вестник МЭИ. 2020. № 2. С. 42—51. DOI: 10.24160/1993-6982-2020-2-42-51.
#
1. PAO «Transneft'» [Ofits. Sayt] https://www. transneft.ru/, https://www.transneft.ru/about/development-system/ (Data Obrashcheniya 20.05.2019). (in Russian).
2. GOST 26098—84. Nefteprodukty. Terminy I Opredeleniya. (in Russian).
3. Federal'nyy Zakon № 89-FZ. ot 24.06.1998 g. Ob Otkhodakh Proizvodstva i Potrebleniya № 89-FZ [Elektron. Resurs] http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_19109/ (Data Obrashcheniya 20.05.2019). (in Russian).
4. Agentstvo po Okhrane Okruzhayushchey Sredy SSHA. Upravlenie, Povtornoe Ispol'zovanie i Pererabotka Otrabotannogo Masla. [Ofits. Sayt] https://www.epa.gov/ recycle/managing-reusing-and-recycling-used-oil (Data Obrashcheniya 20.05.2019). (in Russian).
5. Departament Okruzhayushchey Sredy i Energetiki Avstralii [Ofits. Sayt] https://www.environment.gov.au/ protection/used-oil-recycling, https://www.environment.gov. au/protection/used-oil-recycling/recycling-your-oil/uses- recycled-oil,https://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/2dbea09e-134f-4dde-9d59-e4a4a2f6ce5f/files/psoreview.pdf, https://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/ resources/245ec47b-8501-4983-a0da-0b98dfd4e32d/files/ta-review.pdf (Data Obrashcheniya 20.05.2019). (in Russian).
6. IARC Monographs. Occupational Exposures in Petroleum Refining; Crude Oil and Major Petroleum Fuels. [Ofits. Sayt] https://monographs.iarc.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/mono45.pdf (Data Obrashcheniya 20.05.2019).
7. Re-refined Oil Performance and TxDOT Used Oil Collection Procedure. Texas. [Elektron. Resurs] https:// library.ctr.utexas.edu/digitized/texasarchive/phase1/ 1355-1.pdf (Data Obrashcheniya 20.05.2019).
8. Vermont Agency of Natural Resources, U.S. EPA. Vermont Used Oil Analysis and Waste Oil Furnace Emissions Study [Ofits. Sayt] https://www3.epa.gov/ttn/ catc/dir1/w_oilacr.pdf (Data Obrashcheniya 20.05.2019).
9. Heavy Fuel Oils. Prepared by CONCAWE’s Petroleum Products and Health Management Groups. [Elektron. Resurs] http://accede.org/prestige/documentos/ Tox_fuel_pesado.pdf (Data Obrashcheniya 20.05.2019).
10. Meyer R.F., Attanasi E.D., Freeman P.A. Heavy Oil and Natural Bitumen Resources in Geological Basins of the World [Elektron. Resurs] https://pubs.usgs.gov/ of/2007/1084/OF2007-1084v1.pdf (Data Obrashcheniya 20.05.2019).
11. Ministry for the Environment New Zealand. Assessment of the Effects of Combustion of Waste, Oil and Health Effects Associated with the Use of Waste Oil as a Dust Suppressant [Ofits. Sayt] https://www.mfe.govt. nz/sites/default/files/used-oil-dust-suppressant-aug00.pdf (Data Obrashcheniya 20.05.2019).
12. Waste Oil Management: Analyses of Waste Oils from Vehicle Crankcases and Gearboxes. Global J. Environ [Elektron. Resurs] https://www.gjesm.net/article_22148_03e030d8c64c45fd18a362bc6f9d017c.pdf (Data Obrashcheniya 20.05.2019).
13. Life Cycle Assessment of Used Oil Management. Prepared for the American Petroleum Institute [Ofits. Sayt] https://www.api.org/~/media/Files/Certification/Engine-Oil-Diesel/Publications/LCA-of-Used-Oil-Mgmt-ERM-10012017.pdf (Data Obrashcheniya 20.05.2019).
14. Title 40 CFR Part 241. Solid Wastes Used as Fuels or Ingredients in Combustion Units [Elektron. Resurs] https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=b656ab603496daf6d620241043222e6a&mc=true&node=pt40.27.241&rgn=div5 (Data Obrashcheniya 20.05.2019).
15. Title 40 CFR Part 260. Hazardous Waste Management System: General [Elektron. Resurs] https://www. ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=b656ab603496daf6d620241043222e6a&mc=true&node=pt40.28.260&rgn=div5 (Data Obrashcheniya: 20.05.2019).
16. Title 40 CFR Part 279. Standards for the Management of Used Oil [Elektron. Resurs] https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=a6739eadc899514c81d8e3781bb37e7e&mc=true&node=pt40.29.279&rgn=div5 (Data Obrashcheniya 20.05.2019).
17. Title 40 CFR Part 761. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Manufacturing, Processing, Distribution in Commerce, and Use Prohibitions [Elektron. Resurs] https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=a6739eadc899514c81d8e3781bb37e7e&mc=true&node=pt40.34.761&rgn=div5 (Data Obrashcheniya 20.05.2019).
18. Petrochemical Standards. Edition 2011/2012 [Elektron. Resurs] http://www.ecolan.com.ru/standard-samp-les-foreign/4/4-2.pdf (Data Obrashcheniya: 20.05.2019).
19. Petrochemical standards. ASTM. AccuStandard is Accredited to ISO Guide 34, ISO/IEC 17025 and Sertified to ISO 9001 [Elektron. Resurs]: https://www.accustandard.com/assets/MASTER_CATALOG_PETRO_2015.pdf (Data Obrashcheniya 20.05.2019).
20. GOST 32510—2013 (ISO 8217:2012). Topliva Sudovye. Tekhnicheskie Usloviya. (in Russian).
21. Tekhnicheskiy Reglament Tamozhennogo Soyuza 013/2011. O Trebovaniyakh k Avtomobil'nomu i Aviatsionnomu Benzinu, Dizel'nomu i Sudovomu Toplivu, Toplivu dlya Reaktivnykh Dvigateley i Mazutu. (in Russian).
22. GOST 31378—2009. Neft'. Obshchie Tekhnicheskie Usloviya. (in Russian).
23. Energy Management by Recycling of Vehicle Waste Oil in Pakistan. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology [Elektron. Resurs] https:// www.ijset.com/publication/v2/173.pdf (Data Obrashcheniya 20.05.2019).
24. Tsombueva B.V. Vliyanie Deyatel'nosti Neftepererabatyvayushchego Kompleksa Na Zagryaznenie Zemel' Yugo-vostoka Respubliki Kalmykii [Elektron. Resurs] https://www.isuct.ru/sites/default/files/department/ightu/dissertacionnye-sovety/files/combueva_baira_viktorovna-23012017/dissertaciyacombueva_s_podpisyu.pdf (Data Obrashcheniya 20.05.2019). (in Russian).
25. Tynybaeva T.G. Monitoring Zagryazneniya Pochv na Gazoneftyanom Mestorozhdenii Severnye Buzachi (Kazakhstan) [Elektron. Resurs] http://www.bio.msu.ru/res/Dissertation/91/DOC_FILENAME/tinibaeva.pdf (Data Obrashcheniya 20.05.2019). (in Russian).
26. Shperber E.R. Razrabotka Kompleksa Prirodookhrannykh Tekhnologiy Pererabotki Otkhodov NPZ Krasnodarskogo kraya [Elektron. Resurs] https://www. gubkin.ru/diss2/files/Autoreferat_ShperberER.pdf. (Data Obrashcheniya 20.05.2019). (in Russian).
27. Shperber D.R. Razrabotka Resursosberegayushchikh Tekhnologiy Pererabotki Nefteshlama [Elektron. Resurs] https://kubstu.ru/data/fdlist/FDD0424.pdf (Data Obrashcheniya 20.05.2019). (in Russian).
28. Spravochnyy Dokument po Nailuchshim Dostupnym Tekhnologiyam po Obrashcheniyu s Otkhodami. Ministerstvo Prirodnykh Resursov Rossii [Ofits. Sayt] http://www.mnr.gov.ru/docs/metodicheskie_dokumenty/nailuchshie_dostupnye_tekhnologii/ (Data Obrashcheniya 20.05.2019). (in Russian).
29. Polovkov S.A. Obespechenie Promyshlennoy Bezopasnosti, Okhrany Truda i Ekologii v Organizatsiyakh Sistemy «Transneft'». Nauka i Tekhnologii Truboprovodnogo Transporta Nefti i Nefteproduktov. 2016;2:28—31. (in Russian).
30. Kozhevnikov V.A., Nagdasev V.M., Aleksandrov K.V. O Nekotorykh Itogakh Energeticheskikh Obsledovaniy [Elektron. Resurs] http://www.rosteplo.ru/ Tech_stat/stat_shablon.php?id=3707 (Data Obrashcheniya 20.05.2019). (in Russian).
31. Kozhevnikov V.A., Zakharov S.V. Analiz Potentsiala Ispol'zovaniya Otrabotannykh Masel dlya Nuzhd Teplosnabzheniya [Elektron. Resurs] http://www.energosovet.ru/stat423.html (Data Obrashcheniya 20.05.2019). (in Russian).
32. Kozhevnikov V.A. Energoaudit Sistem Teplosnabzheniya. O Nekotorykh Aspektakh [Elektron. Resurs] http://www.rosteplo.ru/Tech_stat/stat_shablon.php?id=2120 (Data Obrashcheniya 20.05.2019). (in Russian).
33. Roslyakov P.V., Proskurin Yu.V., Kozhevnikov V.A. Modelirovanie Protsessa Goreniya Nefti s Podmesom Podtovarnoy Vody v Zharotrubnykh Kotlakh. Nauka i Tekhnologii Truboprovodnogo Transporta Nefti i Nefteproduktov. 2017;2:94—101. (in Russian).
---
For citation: Kozhevnikov V.A., Popov S.K. Energy Efficient Use of Waste Petroleum Products as Fuel. Bulletin of MPEI. 2020;2: 42—51. (in Russian). DOI: 10.24160/1993-6982-2020-2-42-51.
Published
2019-05-24
Section
Industrial Power System (05.14.04)